The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.